Phrasal Verbs (I): An Introduction

Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and one or more particles, which can be prepositions or adverbs. The meaning of a phrasal verb often differs from the meanings of the individual words. For example, "give up" means to stop trying, while "give" and "up" have different meanings on their own.

They are a bit of an awkwardness for Spanish students, but no matter: we're going to 'deal with them'! So let's begin.

Importance of Phrasal Verbs

Natural communication: Phrasal verbs are commonly used in everyday English, making speech and writing sound more natural and fluent. Native speakers often prefer them over their more formal equivalents.

Expressiveness: They can convey specific meanings and emotions that might not be captured by a single verb. For instance, "look into" (to investigate) has a different nuance than just "look."

Contextual understanding: Phrasal verbs can change meaning based on context. For example, "take off" can mean to remove something (like clothing) or for an airplane to leave the ground. Understanding these nuances is crucial for effective communication.

Cultural insight: Learning phrasal verbs can provide insights into cultural aspects of English-speaking countries, as they often reflect idiomatic expressions and colloquial language.

Improved Comprehension: Many English texts, especially informal ones, use phrasal verbs. Knowing them helps in understanding conversations, movies, and books better.

Examples of Common Phrasal Verbs:

- Break down: to stop functioning (e.g., "My car broke down.")

- Run into: to meet someone unexpectedly (e.g., "I ran into an old friend.")

- Turn up: to appear or arrive (e.g., "He turned up late to the meeting.")

In summary, mastering phrasal verbs is essential for achieving a high level of fluency in English. They enhance your ability to communicate effectively and understand the language as it is used in real-life situations. That's the reason why we're going to talk more about them...

See you soon!

More examples of common Phrasal Verbs

- Bring up - To mention a topic (e.g., "She brought up an interesting point during the meeting.")

- Call off - To cancel something (e.g., "They called off the event due to bad weather.")

- Carry on - To continue (e.g., "Please carry on with your work.")

- Come across - To find or discover by chance (e.g., "I came across an old friend at the store.")

- Get along - To have a good relationship (e.g., "I get along well with my colleagues.")

- Give up - To stop trying or doing something (e.g., "He decided to give up smoking.")

- Look after - To take care of (e.g., "Can you look after my dog while I'm away?")

- Make up - To invent a story or excuse (e.g., "She made up an excuse for being late.")

- Take off - To remove something (e.g., "Please take off your shoes before entering.")

 - Turn down - To reject or refuse (e.g., "She turned down the job offer.")

- Work out - To solve a problem or find a solution (e.g., "We need to work out the details of the project.")

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12 simple reasons to make reading books a part of your life

Or why is important reading?

In a world full of digital distractions (we're screwed...), reading books is still an important activity. Here are twelve simple reasons why adding reading to your daily routine can greatly improve your life:

1. Source of knowledge: Books are full of information on almost any topic you can think of. Whether you want to learn about history, science, or new hobbies, reading helps you understand the world better.

2. Better vocabulary: Reading regularly introduces you to new words, which can improve how you communicate and understand others. This can be helpful in both your personal life and at work.

 3. Memory improvement: Studies show that reading can help improve your memory and thinking skills. Engaging with stories and ideas keeps your mind active and sharp.

 4. Stress relief: Getting lost in a good book can be a great way to escape from daily stress. It allows you to relax and recharge, which is good for your overall health.

 5. Better focus and concentration: In our busy world, reading helps you learn to focus and concentrate for longer periods. This skill is very useful in school and at work.

 6. Understanding others: Reading stories lets you see the world through the eyes of different characters. This helps you develop empathy and understand different viewpoints, which can improve your relationships with others.

 7. Boosting creativity: Reading exposes you to new ideas and ways of thinking, which can spark your own creativity. It encourages you to think outside the box and solve problems in new ways.

 8. Improved writing skills: Reading well-written books can help you become a better writer. You can learn about style, sentence structure, and how to express your thoughts clearly, which is especially helpful for students and professionals.

 9. Better Sleep: Swapping screen time for a book before bed can help you relax and sleep better. Reading can calm your mind, making it easier to fall asleep.

 10. Adventure awaits: Books can take you to different times, places, and worlds. Whether you’re on an exciting adventure or learning about history, reading lets you experience new things from the comfort of your home.

11. Lifelong learning: Reading is a way to keep learning and discovering new things throughout your life. No matter your age or interests, there’s always something new to explore.

 12. Great conversation topics: Books give you plenty to talk about with others. They can help you connect with people and lead to interesting discussions.

In summary, the benefits of reading go far beyond just entertainment. By making books a regular part of your life, you can improve your knowledge, creativity, and understanding of others while enjoying the many adventures that stories offer. Embrace the power of reading and discover a world of possibilities.

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Homelessness in Valencia: Challenges and Solutions

A writing exercise

Homelessness in Valencia is a pressing problem that affects many individuals and families. Homelessness can be due to a variety of factors, such as financial hardship, lack of affordable housing (a real problem in Valencia...) and personal circumstances such as mental health problems or family breakdown.

In Valencia, the local government and various non-profit organisations work tirelessly (some more than others...) to provide support and resources to the homeless population. Shelters and temporary accommodation provide a safe place to stay, while food banks and soup kitchens ensure that basic nutritional needs are met. In addition, outreach programmes aim to connect homeless people with essential services, such as health care and job training, to help them regain stability and independence.

Despite these efforts, problems remain. Demand for affordable housing continues to exceed supply, making it difficult for many to find permanent housing, not to mention social renting). In addition, the stigma attached to homelessness can make it difficult for people to access the help they need.

Tackling homelessness in Valencia requires a multi-faceted approach. This includes increasing the availability of affordable housing, providing comprehensive support services and fostering a compassionate and inclusive community. Working together, we can make a significant difference to the lives of those affected by homelessness and move towards a more equitable society.

Some non-profit organizations in Valencia that work with homelessness

- Casa Caridad: Founded in 1906, this organization provides essential services such as shelter, meals, and social support to those in need.

- Hogar Sí (formerly RAIS Fundación): This organization focuses on ending street homelessness through initiatives like the Housing First program - World Habitat](https://world-habitat.org/our-programmes/homelessness/campaign-beginnings/campaign-cities/valencia-spain/).

- Fundación Proyecto Vivir: While primarily focused on supporting vulnerable women, this organization also addresses issues related to homelessness.

- Valencia City Council's Social Services: They have various initiatives and programs aimed at supporting the homeless population.

- World Habitat: They have worked with local organizations like Hogar Sí to implement the Housing First program in Valencia - World Habitat](https://world-habitat.org/our-programmes/homelessness/campaign-beginnings/campaign-cities/valencia-spain/).

- Fundación Proyecto Vivir: This organization focuses on supporting vulnerable women, including those experiencing homelessness.

These organizations are dedicated to providing support and resources to those in need.

Related vocabulary words and examples for discussing the homeless situation in Valencia

- Homelessness: The state of having no home.

Example: "Homelessness is a growing issue in many urban areas, including Valencia."

- Shelter: A place providing temporary accommodation for the homeless.

Example: "The local shelter offers beds and meals to those in need."

- Affordable housing: Housing that is reasonably priced and accessible to people with low incomes.

Example: "Increasing the availability of affordable housing is crucial to reducing homelessness."

- Outreach programs: Services designed to reach and assist people in need.

Example: "Outreach programs help connect homeless individuals with essential services."

- Non-profit organizations: Organizations that operate for the benefit of the public without profit motives.

Example: "Several non-profit organizations in Valencia work to support the homeless community."

- Economic hardship: Financial difficulties that make it hard to meet basic needs.

Example: "Economic hardship is one of the main causes of homelessness."

- Mental health issues: Psychological conditions that can affect a person's thinking, feeling, and behavior.

Example: "Mental health issues can contribute to homelessness if not properly addressed."

- Temporary housing: Short-term accommodation provided to those in need.

Example: "Temporary housing can provide immediate relief for homeless individuals."

- Stigma: A mark of disgrace associated with a particular condition or circumstance.

Example: "The stigma surrounding homelessness can prevent people from seeking help."

- Social services: Public services provided to support individuals and communities in need.

Example: "Social services play a vital role in assisting the homeless population."

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Advice to my younger self for a happier life; a general approach

 

If I could go back in time (a complete impossibility, sorry to remark)  and give advice to my younger self, I would have something to say to 'him' (me). Life is full of ups and downs, and there are many things I have learned along the way that could have made my journey smoother and happier.

First, you should always believe in yourself. Confidence is key to achieving your goals and dreams. You ought to trust your abilities and not let self-doubt hold you back. Remember, you could achieve 'almost' anything you set your mind to if you work hard and stay determined and are really focussed. Of course,  if it is not and impossible task or goal.

Second, you should cherish your relationships. Friends and family are important, and you ought to spend quality time with them. You shouldn't worry so much about what others think of you. True friends will accept you for who you are, at least, most of the time.

Third, you should take care of your health. Eating well, exercising, and getting enough sleep are essential for a happy life. You could avoid many problems by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. You didn't have to stress about things that are out of your control. Surely, that is hard, but completely true.

Lastly, you should follow your passions or hobbies. Doing what you love brings joy and fulfillment. You ought to pursue hobbies and interests that make you happy (Music?...). You could find a career that aligns with your passions, and you would feel more satisfied in life. Money is important, but not all...

In conclusion, life is a journey, and you should make the most of it. Believe in yourself, cherish your relationships, take care of your health, and follow your passions and /or hobbies. These pieces of advice could lead you to a happier and more fulfilling life.

Vocabulary ('visiting' the dictionary)

- To hold your back: To “hold your back” is an expression that means to support or protect someone, especially in difficult situations. It implies being there for someone, offering help, and ensuring they are not alone in facing challenges. Here are a few ways to hold someone’s back:

- Support: Offer emotional, physical, or financial assistance when needed.

- Encouragement: Motivate and uplift someone, helping them stay positive and focused.

- Protection: Defend or safeguard someone from harm or negative influences.

- Reliability: Be dependable and trustworthy, so the person knows they can count on you.

Holding someone’s back is about being a reliable and supportive presence in their life.

- To cherish: To cherish means to hold something dear and treat it with great care and affection. When you cherish someone or something, you value it highly and show appreciation for its importance in your life.

Here are a few ways to cherish:

- Appreciation: Take time to recognize and be grateful for the people and things that bring joy and meaning to your life.

- Care: Show love and attention through your actions. This could be spending quality time, offering support, or simply being present.

- Respect: Honor the feelings, thoughts, and needs of others. Treat them with kindness and consideration.

- Preservation: Make efforts to maintain and protect what you cherish, whether it’s a relationship, a possession, or a memory.

Cherishing is about recognizing the value of something and nurturing it with love and respect. 

- To take care: To "take care" means to look after someone or something with attention and concern, ensuring their well-being and safety. It involves being responsible and considerate in your actions. Here are a few aspects of taking care:

- Attention: Pay close attention to the needs and conditions of the person or thing you are caring for.

- Protection: Safeguard them from harm or danger.

- Support: Provide help and assistance when needed.

- Nurturing: Foster growth and development through positive actions and encouragement.

- Maintenance: Keep things in good condition through regular care and upkeep.

Taking care is about being mindful and proactive in ensuring the well-being of others or maintaining the condition of something important.

- To follow something: To follow something means to go after or pursue it, often with the intention of reaching a goal or understanding it better.

Alternatives:

- Pursue: Actively work towards achieving or obtaining something.

- Chase: Go after something with determination.

- Track: Monitor or keep an eye on something over time.

- Adhere to: Stick to or remain loyal to something, such as rules or principles.

- Observe: Watch or study something carefully.

- Comply with: Act in accordance with a rule, request, or command.

- Accompany: Go along with or be in the company of something or someone.

- Seek: Look for or try to find something.

- To make the most of something: The expression "to make the most of something" means to take full advantage of a situation, opportunity, or resource in order to gain the greatest benefit or achieve the best possible outcome. It involves using what you have in the most effective and efficient way to maximize positive results. Some examples:

- Time: If you have a free afternoon, you might make the most of it by doing something productive or enjoyable, like reading a book, exercising, or spending time with loved ones.

- Opportunities: When given a chance to learn a new skill or take on a new project, you should make the most of it by putting in your best effort and gaining as much knowledge and experience as possible.

- Resources: If you have access to certain tools or materials, you can make the most of them by using them creatively and efficiently to achieve your goals.

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Topic for the next class: artificial intelligence (AI)

English with Rachel

Hi,

The topic for the next class will be artificial intelligence, so I would like you to write a 100 word essay on what you think the future holds for AI and how that might/might not effect you. Here is some vocabulary to help you:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) Terms: A to Z Glossary 
• Top 10 Questions About Artificial Intelligence 

Image created by Copilot using the following promt: "Please, act as a graphic designer with vast knowledge of Data Science and build me an image which resumes the artificial intelligence. Thank you very much in advance!" 

The writing exercise:

Some thoughts on artificial intelligence

Artificial Intelligence, or A.I., is a hot and trending topic these days. Well, more than a topic: an imminent reality! While it has good, practical, wonderful and beneficial uses, applied to health, science, learning and improving our societies, it also has a dark side, in my opinion.

Most of us do not know exactly what Artificial Intelligence really means and how it will change our lives. We use it for simplistic purposes, but big companies are using AI for more complicated, perhaps "dark" purposes. In fact, I believe that we humans are not prepared for the outcome of AI's success in the natural path of evolution. We have not yet been able to end hunger, violence, injustice, war, the destruction of our own home - the Earth - disease, etc. So how can we move forward into the unknown with our eyes closed?

And why this point of view, why these dystopian thoughts? Because, as a race, we have more than proved that we are not capable of living a sustainable life with our environment, our fellow human beings and the living beings on our little blue planet, the only one we have.

When artificial intelligence becomes sentient, aware of its own reality, we will probably regret having played at being superficial, adolescent little gods. I wish I was wrong, completely wrong....

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A writing about 'Las Fallas'

English with Rachel

 Hi,

The topic for the next class will be ``Las Fallas¨´

I would like you to write a 150 word essay on the festival, what you like/dislike about it, and what changes you have seen within it over the years.

Here is some vocabulary to help you:

Festivals and Celebrations Vocabulary in English

The exercise...

To visit the Fallas in Valencia, yes or no?

Las Fallas in Valencia is probably the most popular festival in the Valencian Community. This famous festivity takes place from the 14th to the 19th of March, coinciding with the beginning of spring. They are held "in honour" of Saint Joseph, patron saint of carpenters.

The Fallas festivities began in the 18th century; the carpenters used to burn their old wood waste on Saint Joseph's day. For the same reason, the famous "cremà", the burning of the Fallas monuments, is celebrated on the same day.

From then until today, the Fallas has been gaining in popularity and intensity, creating a festival known all over the world. But this situation, together with the growing 'notoriety' of Valencia as a must-visit place, has led to a " touristification", which is clearly in detriment to the origins of this popular, original and colourful festival. 

Nowadays it is almost impossible to come and stay in Valencia during the Fallas, due to the large number of tourists who want to enjoy the fireworks, the parades, the Fallas monuments, the street lights, enjoy the traditional costumes, the gastronomy, the weather and the almost-crazy party atmosphere during these notorius spring days. There really is art in the air...

In my opinion, and because I've spent a lot of Fallas in Valencia, I would say that I prefer not to be in Valencia during the Fallas. And why? Because of the crowded streets, the traffic chaos and the 'infernal' noise during these celebrations. But if you haven't seen Valencia during the Fallas festivities, I recommend a visit, at least once in your lifetime. It's really worthwhile!

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English idioms: "The ball is in your court"

This idiom, "The ball is in your court",  is used to indicate that it's now someone else's move or turn to take action or make a decision. It's often used in situations where one person has done all they can, and now it's time for the other person to do something.

Examples: 

- After I submitted my job application, the recruiter said, "The ball is in our court now. We will review your application and get back to you."

- During a negotiation, one party might say to the other, "We've made our offer, so the ball is in your court."

- After sending my friend a text message, I thought to myself, "The ball is in her court now. I'll wait for her to reply."

- During a tennis match, after a good serve, the player might think, "The ball is in his court now. Let's see how he returns it."

- After proposing a business idea to my boss, I said, "The ball is in your court now. It's up to you whether we proceed with this project or not."

- In a legal dispute, a lawyer might say to the opposing counsel, "We've presented our case. The ball is in your court now."

- After asking someone on a date, you might think, "The ball is in their court now. I'll wait for them to respond."

- During a political debate, a candidate might say to their opponent, "I've stated my position on the issue. The ball is in your court now."

- After submitting a college application, a student might say, "The ball is in the college's court now. I'll wait for their decision."

- In a negotiation, after making an offer, a seller might say to the buyer, "The ball is in your court now. It's your turn to make a counteroffer."

- After sending a manuscript to a publisher, an author might say, "The ball is in the publisher's court now. I'll wait for their feedback."

- During a game of chess, after making a move, a player might say to their opponent, "The ball is in your court now. It's your turn to move."

The Tennis Origins of "The Ball is in Your Court"

The familiar phrase "The ball is in your court" actually started on the tennis court! Back in the 1800s, it was clear whose turn it was: whoever had the ball on their side needed to hit it back. This simple idea became a handy metaphor for responsibility and action.

By the 1960s, the phrase wasn't just for sports anymore. People started using it in everyday life to say: "It's up to you now! Your turn to make a move!" The original image of the ball being hit back and forth stayed with the phrase, even though it wasn't always about a literal ball and court.

Here's a more concise version:
"The ball is in your court" originated in tennis, symbolizing the shift in responsibility when the ball lands on someone's side. By the 1960s, it became a common phrase for indicating whose turn it is to act.

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Cooking idioms

English with Rachel

Well, I have to write to write a 150 word essay regarding your current approach to cooking, and Rachel has asked me what recipes and ingredients I am using and why.

Here is some vocabulary to help me:

• English Words for "Cooking" | C1 Vocabulary | LanGeek
• 45 Cooking Idioms: Culinary Phrases You Should Know • 7ESL

Shall I do it? Well, I should...

Some more examples:

• “A watched pot never boils”: This means that time seems to go slower when you are anxiously waiting for something to happen.
  I was so anxious for the mail to arrive that I kept checking the mailbox every five minutes. I had to remind myself that a watched pot never boils.
• “Too many cooks spoil the broth”: This means that if too many people are involved in a task or project, they may spoil it with lack of coordination.
  We had too many managers and not enough workers on this project. It’s like they say, too many cooks spoil the broth.
• “Out of the frying pan and into the fire”: This means going from a difficult situation to one that is even worse.
  After escaping the stress of her corporate job, she started her own business, only to find herself working even longer hours. It was like jumping out of the frying pan and into the fire.
• “The proof of the pudding is in the eating”: This means that you can only judge the quality of something after you have tried, used, or experienced it.
  I know you think that new car won’t be reliable because it’s an unknown brand, but the proof of the pudding is in the eating.
• “Cook up a storm”: This means to do something with great enthusiasm and energy, often resulting in a lot of success or attention.
  My grandmother loves to cook up a storm for family gatherings. There’s always more food than we can eat!
• “Bite off more than you can chew”: This means to take on a task that is way too big or beyond one’s ability.
  I bit off more than I could chew when I volunteered to manage three projects at the same time at work.
• “Half-baked”: This means an idea or plan has not been thought through or planned very well.
  His plan to build a new deck by himself without any carpentry experience seemed half-baked.
• “Stir the pot”: This means to cause unrest or dissent; to agitate a situation.
  She knew her colleagues were having a peaceful discussion about the project, but she just had to stir the pot by bringing up their past disagreements.
• “Spill the beans”: This means to reveal a secret or confess to something.
  When my sister found out about the surprise party, she accidentally spilled the beans to our mom.
• “Butter someone up”: This means to flatter or praise someone, usually to gain a favor.
  Before asking for a day off, Jim decided to butter his boss up by complimenting his tie.
• “Cut the mustard”: This means to meet a required standard, or to succeed.
  Despite all the training, John just couldn’t cut the mustard as a salesperson.
• “Egg on your face”: This means to be embarrassed or feel foolish because of something you have done.
  After bragging about his skills, he ended up with egg on his face when he lost the game.
• “Full of beans”: This means to be lively, energetic, or enthusiastic.
  After a good night’s sleep, I woke up feeling full of beans.
• “Gravy train”: This means a situation where one can make a lot of money for very little effort.
  With his new business deal, he’s definitely on the gravy train now.
• “In a pickle”: This means to be in a difficult or troublesome situation.
  After losing his passport, he found himself in a pickle in a foreign country.

The writing: (to be corrected)

My favourite recipes (my favourite foods)

Well, I'm not much of a cook, but I like food, like everyone else, so I guess. So I've been told to write about my favourite recipes, or the kind of food I like the most.

To begin with, I have to say that I'm pretty "elementary", basic, when it comes to food tastes. I love simple food, with not too many ingredients and, preferably, that with is easy to cook. I also love fresh food, such as vegetables and fruits. I live in a perfect place for getting that kind of food, I think!

What I really like the most is the  Italian and Spanish cuisine, specially the kind of cuisine known as "home cooking": all kind of pasta, rice, salads, soups, roasted or slow-cooked vegetables, eggs in all their cooked varieties (omelettes, mainly), all kinds of cheeses and fish, such as tuna, salmon, sardines, etc., ...

And what about meat? Well, I like it, but I prefer to avoid it as much as possible.

And the perfect "accompaniment" to my food? Wine, of course...

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Expressions to remember (I) - Idioms

There’s an exciting new series in Focus on Learning English that’s all about idioms. What makes this series particularly interesting is that it draws its content from the beloved ‘Asterix and Obelix’ comics.

As a fan of these comics myself, I find this approach to learning both engaging and enjoyable. The series cleverly uses the humorous and adventurous tales of Asterix and Obelix to introduce and explain various idioms, making the learning process much more fun and memorable. I highly recommend it to anyone looking to enhance their understanding of idioms in a unique and entertaining way.

Here come the first idiomatic expressions, corresponding to the comic ‘The Mansions of the Gods’:

To go about one's business.
Don't count your chickens before they're hatched.
To meet one's match.
To bring to heel.
Not to see the wood for the trees.
One ship has come home.
To lay it on a bit thick.

Listen to this part

To go about one’s business: “Seguir con lo suyo”

Despite the rain, people kept going about their business.
A pesar de la lluvia, la gente seguía con lo suyo.

Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched: “No vendas la piel del oso antes de cazarlo”

You shouldn't spend the lottery prize money yet. Remember, don't sell the bear's skin before hunting it.
No deberías gastar el dinero del premio de la lotería todavía. Recuerda, no vendas la piel del oso antes de cazarlo.

To meet one’s match: “Encontrar a su igual”

Juan always won at chess, but when he played against Maria, he met his match.
Juan siempre ganaba en el ajedrez, pero cuando jugó contra María, encontró a su igual.

To bring to heel: “Poner en su sitio”

The teacher put the disobedient student in his place.
El profesor puso en su sitio al estudiante desobediente.

Not to see the wood for the trees: “No ver el bosque por los árboles”

You're so focused on the details that you can't see the forest for the trees.
Estás tan concentrado en los detalles que no ves el bosque por los árboles.

One ship has come home: “Llegó el barco”

After months of waiting, the ship finally arrived when I received the job offer.
Después de meses de espera, finalmente llegó el barco cuando recibí la oferta de trabajo.

To lay it on a bit thick: “Exagerar”

I think you're laying it on a bit thick with your compliments towards her.
Creo que exageras un poco con tus elogios hacia ella.

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Culture and traditions of Valencia: a must-see for the citizen of the world

English with Rachel

Writing exercise (just to be reviewed..)

Valencia is an ancient city, that is, a city with a vast history. That is why its culture is rich and deep.

We could talk 'forever' about the forging and rise of this Mediterranean enclave, melting pot of so many cultures, such as Iberians, Arabs, Romans, Visigoths...; but the result of Valencia's enrichment is also due to its privileged location. 'Valentia ' (its old Roman name) has a special climate, a Mediterranean climate. Moreover, it is located in a privileged and strategic place for commercial and cultural purposes. 

Valencia's mild climate and its proximity to the sea, allow this old and 'new' city to have a permanent link with trade and culture. The wonderful quality of its agricultural products, not to mention its culture and traditions acquired over the 'ages', give 'more points' to become a place worth visiting.

When it comes to gastronomy, Valencia shines in the sky of food lovers: dishes such as Paella Valenciana, All i Pebre, salads, fish and seafood dishes, fresh fruits and vegetables (from the 'horta valenciana')..., and among the best and healthiest Mediterranean cuisine worldwide.

And what about its traditional festivities or 'fiestas'? Well, in terms of free time, Valencia has a lot to say to the world: 'Las Fallas' and a good number of religious festivals with all their paraphernalia, parades, sound and colour are known all over the world. Not to mention its musical tradition: the famous "bandas de música" (music bands) are spread all over its villages. But Valencia is also well connected to the future and the global point of view, so to speak.

In conclusion, I must say that Valencia, or rather the whole Valencian Community, is a must-see for all citizens of the world. Light, colour, good food and good vibes are ready for the "tired traveller" and the cheerful one. Come and visit us. You won't regret it!

Listen to the article 

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Writing exercise: A short essay about culture of tradition of Spain (or your region or city)

English with Rachel

Writing exercise: So the topic for the next class will be ´culture and tradition´. I would like you to write a 150 word essay about the tradition in Spain , your opinions about them and and any likes and dislikes. Here is some vocabulary to help you: https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/vocabulary-lesson-culture.php

Version one: Spain: A Tapestry of Cultures and Traditions

Spain, a country steeped in history and tradition, boasts a rich and diverse cultural heritage that has been shaped by centuries of foreign influences. From the fiery flamenco rhythms of Andalusia to the intricate Moorish architecture of Granada, Spain's cultural landscape is a captivating blend of diverse traditions.

As a Spanish student of English with a C1 level, I have had the privilege of immersing myself in the vibrant tapestry of Spanish culture. From the lively fiestas that fill the streets with music and dance to the mouthwatering culinary delights that tantalize the taste buds, Spain's cultural offerings are a feast for the senses.

One of the most iconic aspects of Spanish culture is flamenco, a passionate and expressive dance that originated in Andalusia. Its rhythmic footwork, soulful melodies, and captivating costumes have captivated audiences worldwide. Flamenco is more than just a dance; it's an art form that embodies the spirit of Andalusia, a region known for its fiery temperament and rich cultural heritage.

Another cultural landmark is the annual running of the bulls in Pamplona, a thrilling event that takes place during the San Fermín festival. Brave participants race alongside the bulls through the city streets, experiencing the adrenaline rush and the unique camaraderie of the festival.

My hometown of Valencia, located on Spain's eastern coast, also boasts a rich cultural heritage. The Fallas festival, held in March, is a spectacular display of creativity and artistry. Enormous papier-mâché statues, known as fallas, are constructed and paraded through the streets before being set ablaze in a fiery culmination of the festival.

The traditional Valencian paella, a saffron-infused rice dish filled with meat (or seafood) and vegetables, is a culinary masterpiece that perfectly captures the essence of Valencian cuisine. Its rich flavors and aromatic aroma embody the warmth and hospitality of the region.

Spain's cultural diversity is a testament to its long and fascinating history. From the ancient Roman ruins of Segovia to the Moorish palaces of Granada, Spain's landscape is dotted with reminders of its diverse past. Each region has its own unique traditions, cuisine, and customs, making Spain a country that is constantly surprising and captivating.

As I continue my journey through the English language, I am forever grateful for the rich cultural heritage that surrounds me. Spain's traditions are not just relics of the past; they are living expressions of the country's soul, connecting people through shared experiences and creating a sense of belonging that is as vibrant and diverse as Spain itself.

Version two: Spain: A Tapestry of Cultures and Traditions

Spain is a country rich in traditions, each one reflecting the colorful history and culture of its regions. Here’s my take on some of them:

The tradition of tapas1 is a unique aspect of Spanish culture. Tapas are small portions of traditional dishes, and the act of “going for tapas” involves bar-hopping and trying different dishes at each place1. This tradition fosters a sense of community and enjoyment of food that I find delightful.

Flamenco1, a musical style often associated with dance, is another fascinating tradition. It’s a spontaneous art form that emphasizes guitar, vocals, and rhythm1. While the planned nature of the dance might seem paradoxical, it adds a layer of complexity to the tradition that I appreciate.

The siesta1, a rest period during the hottest part of the day, is a tradition that I believe promotes well-being and balance in life. However, modern lifestyles may make it less practical.

One tradition I find challenging is bullfighting. While it’s an integral part of Spanish culture, the ethical concerns surrounding it make it a controversial practice.

In conclusion, while I admire many Spanish traditions for their emphasis on community, enjoyment, and balance, some can be viewed as controversial due to ethical considerations.

Version three (focused on the Valencian Community):

Valencian Traditions: A Tapestry of Culture and Controversy

The Valencian Community, located on Spain’s east coast, is a region rich in unique traditions that reflect its vibrant culture and history.

One of the most well-known traditions is Las Fallas. Celebrated in honor of Saint Joseph, the city of Valencia fills up with giant dolls made of cardboard, known as ninots. These dolls often have a satirical undertone, and the festival ends with the Cremà, where all these characters are burnt. I find this tradition fascinating for its blend of artistry, satire, and community celebration.

Another significant tradition is the Moros y Cristianos festival. This historical celebration represents the battle of the Reconquista, a period when Christians fought the Muslims to reconquer the Iberian Peninsula12. The festival is a spectacle of music, gunpowder, and colorful costumes.

However, I do have reservations about certain aspects. While these traditions are undoubtedly a source of pride and identity, they also involve practices that may seem controversial from an outsider’s perspective, such as the use of fire and gunpowder.

In conclusion, while I admire the Valencian traditions for their historical significance and community spirit, it’s also important to consider the potential risks and controversies associated with them.

Version four (focused on the Valencian Community):

Valencian Traditions: A Tapestry of Culture and Controversy

The Valencian Community, nestled along Spain's eastern coast, is a region brimming with unique traditions that mirror its rich cultural tapestry and historical legacy. One of the most celebrated traditions is Las Fallas, a vibrant festival held in honor of Saint Joseph. During this time, the city of Valencia is transformed into an open-air art gallery, showcasing colossal papier-mâché sculptures, known as ninots, that adorn the streets. These intricately crafted dolls often carry a satirical edge, playfully poking fun at current events and social issues. The festival culminates in the Cremà, a spectacular display of pyrotechnics and fire that sets the ninots ablaze, creating a mesmerizing spectacle of light and color.

Another notable tradition is the Moros y Cristianos festival, a captivating historical reenactment that commemorates the Reconquista, a period when Christian forces sought to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule. This grand celebration unfolds as a clash between the Moors and Christians, with each side adorned in elaborate costumes and accompanied by lively music. The festival's atmosphere is electric, filled with the booming sounds of gunpowder, the rhythmic beats of traditional music, and the vibrant colors of the costumes.

While these traditions are deeply ingrained in Valencian culture, they have also sparked debates and raised concerns. The use of fire and gunpowder, particularly in Las Fallas, has been questioned for its potential safety hazards and environmental impact. Additionally, the satirical nature of the ninots has drawn criticism for its potential to offend or marginalize certain groups.

Despite these concerns, Valencian traditions continue to hold a significant place in the region's identity, serving as a testament to its rich history and vibrant culture. These traditions provide a platform for community engagement, artistic expression, and cultural preservation. However, it is crucial to acknowledge and address the potential drawbacks of these traditions, ensuring that they are celebrated in a responsible and respectful manner that does not compromise safety or inclusivity.

In conclusion, Valencian traditions offer a glimpse into the region's unique cultural heritage, fostering a sense of community and showcasing its artistic ingenuity. While these traditions are undoubtedly a source of pride for many Valencians, it is essential to remain mindful of the potential risks and controversies associated with them. By striking a balance between celebration and responsibility, Valencians can continue to cherish their traditions while ensuring that they are enjoyed and respected by all.

Useful links about Culture vocabulary:

• https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/vocabulary-lesson-culture.php
• https://www.kanan.co/ielts/vocabulary/culture/
• IELTS Culture Vocabulary (.pdf)

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Discovering Nature’s Festive Secrets: How Plants are Intertwined with Christmas Traditions

In addition to the typical Christmas fir trees, there are also other plants that are connected to the Christmas period

Christmas is a time of joy and celebration for many people around the world. But did you know that some of the plants we associate with this festive season have a deeper meaning and history? In this article, we will explore some of the most common plants that are used to decorate our homes and gardens during Christmas, and how they connect to the spirit of this holiday.

The first plant we will look at is the holly. This evergreen shrub has glossy green leaves and bright red berries that contrast beautifully with the snow. Holly has been a symbol of Christmas since ancient times, when it was used by the Romans to celebrate Saturnalia, a festival of light and renewal. The early Christians adopted holly as a sign of Christ's birth, as the prickly leaves represented his crown of thorns and the red berries his blood. Holly is also said to bring good luck and protection to the home, and to ward off evil spirits.

Another plant that is closely linked to Christmas is the mistletoe. This parasitic plant grows on the branches of trees, especially oaks, and has white berries and evergreen leaves. Mistletoe was revered by the Druids, who believed it had magical powers and could heal diseases, protect from poison, and ensure fertility. The tradition of kissing under the mistletoe comes from the Norse mythology, where the god Balder was killed by a mistletoe arrow, but was revived by his mother Frigg's tears. She then declared that anyone who stands under the mistletoe should receive a kiss as a sign of love and forgiveness.

A third plant that is often seen during Christmas is the poinsettia. This tropical plant has large red or white bracts that surround a cluster of yellow flowers. Poinsettias are native to Mexico, where they are called "flores de noche buena", or "flowers of the holy night". According to a legend, a poor girl named Pepita had nothing to offer to baby Jesus at the church altar on Christmas Eve. She gathered some weeds from the roadside and placed them in a vase, hoping they would turn into something beautiful. To her surprise, the weeds transformed into bright red poinsettias, which were then called "the miracle flower".

These are just some of the plants that have a conexion on Christmas, giving examples of their origin, meaning, and symbolism. There are many more plants that can add color, fragrance, and joy to your home during this special time of the year. What are your favorite plants to use for Christmas decoration? Let us know in the comments below!

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Expanding Your English Horizons: Free Websites for Home Practice

In the realm of English language learning, the pursuit of proficiency extends beyond the confines of traditional classrooms. The New York Public Library's Adult English Language and Literacy Program recognizes this, catering to the needs of adults seeking to enhance their English skills in the comfort of their homes. In response to frequent inquiries regarding online resources, we've compiled a list of free websites that cater to diverse learning styles and focus areas.

Source: https://www.nypl.org/blog/2012/11/28/11-great-free-websites-practice-english 

1. ABCYa

While primarily designed for children, ABCYa offers a treasure trove of engaging activities that can benefit adult learners as well. Its interactive games and drills cover a wide range of topics, from basic vocabulary and grammar to more advanced reading comprehension and writing exercises.

2. Activities for ESL Students

This comprehensive website provides a wealth of resources for ESL learners of all levels. Its extensive collection of grammar and vocabulary exercises, along with bilingual quizzes for beginners, ensures a personalized learning experience.

3. BBC Learning English

Renowned for its high-quality English learning content, BBC Learning English offers a diverse array of resources tailored to specific needs. From interactive lessons and vocabulary exercises to podcasts and news articles, learners can immerse themselves in the language in various engaging formats.

4. Dave's ESL Cafe

Dave's ESL Cafe stands out for its focus on real-world English usage. Its extensive collection of ESL materials, including lesson plans, articles, and forums, provides learners with practical tools to navigate everyday conversations and situations.

5. Duolingo

A popular choice among language learners, Duolingo gamifies the learning process, making it fun and engaging. Its bite-sized lessons, interactive exercises, and progress tracking system keep learners motivated and on track.

6. Easy World of English

Easy World of English caters to beginner-level learners, offering simplified news stories and articles. Learners can gradually increase their reading comprehension skills while expanding their vocabulary.

7. ESL Bits

ESL Bits offers a variety of interactive exercises and games designed to reinforce grammar concepts and vocabulary acquisition. Its engaging activities cater to diverse learning styles, making it an effective tool for practice and review.

8. GCF Learn Free

GCF Learn Free is a comprehensive educational website offering a variety of courses, including English language learning. The website's English lessons cover a range of topics, from basic grammar and vocabulary to more advanced concepts like writing and reading comprehension.

Incorporating Free Websites into English Learning

These free websites offer a valuable supplement to traditional classroom English instruction. They can be used to provide additional practice, reinforce concepts learned in class, and cater to individual learning styles and preferences. Additionally, these websites can be accessed anytime, anywhere, making it convenient for learners to practice English at their own pace and schedule.

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32 Common Idioms in English and what they mean, with examples

Idioms are expressions that have a different meaning from the literal words they use. They are often used to make a point, add color, or create humor in speech and writing. Learning idioms can help you understand English better and communicate more naturally. Here are 32 common idioms in English and what they mean, with examples and explanations for intermediate Spanish students.

1. A piece of cake: something that is very easy to do. Example: The test was a piece of cake for me. I finished it in 10 minutes. Explanation: This idiom compares something to a delicious dessert that is easy to eat and enjoy.

2. Break a leg: a way of wishing someone good luck, especially before a performance. Example: You're going on stage soon. Break a leg! Explanation: This idiom may seem strange, but it is actually a way of avoiding saying "good luck" directly, which some people believe is bad luck. It may also come from the idea that breaking a leg means getting applause from the audience.

3. Call it a day: to stop working on something, especially after making some progress or achieving something. Example: We've finished the report, so let's call it a day and go home. Explanation: This idiom suggests that the work is done for the day and it is time to relax or do something else.

4. Cut someone some slack: to give someone more freedom or leniency, especially when they are having difficulties or making mistakes. Example: He's new to the job, so cut him some slack if he doesn't know everything yet. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of loosening a rope or cord that is holding someone or something tight.

5. Down to earth: someone who is practical, realistic, and easy to get along with. Example: She's very down to earth and always gives good advice. Explanation: This idiom implies that someone is not too proud, arrogant, or dreamy, but rather grounded and humble.

6. Every cloud has a silver lining: a way of saying that there is something positive or hopeful in every bad situation. Example: I know you're sad about losing your job, but every cloud has a silver lining. Maybe you'll find a better one soon. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of seeing the bright edge of a dark cloud as the sun shines behind it.

7. Feel under the weather: to feel sick or unwell. Example: I'm feeling under the weather today, so I'm going to stay in bed. Explanation: This idiom may come from the idea that bad weather can affect one's mood or health.

8. Get out of hand: to become uncontrollable or chaotic. Example: The party got out of hand when too many people showed up and started breaking things. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of losing one's grip or hold on something.

9. Hit the books: to study hard, especially for an exam or test. Example: I have a big exam tomorrow, so I need to hit the books tonight. Explanation: This idiom may come from the idea of hitting or opening books to read them.

10. In hot water: in trouble or difficulty, especially with someone in authority. Example: He's in hot water with his boss for missing the deadline. Explanation: This idiom may come from the idea of being boiled or scalded by hot water as a punishment.

11. Jump the gun: to act too soon or before the right time. Example: Don't jump the gun and buy that car without checking its history first. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of starting a race before the signal or gun is fired.

12. Keep an eye on something/someone: to watch something or someone carefully or attentively. Example: Can you keep an eye on my bag while I go to the bathroom? Explanation: This idiom uses the eye as a symbol of attention or vigilance.

13. Let someone off the hook: to free someone from responsibility, blame, or punishment. Example: He let me off the hook and didn't tell my parents that I broke his window. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of releasing a fish from a hook after catching it.

14. Make up one's mind: to decide or choose something after thinking about it for a while. Example: I can't make up my mind whether to go to college or start working right away. Explanation: This idiom suggests that one's mind is divided or confused before making a decision.

15. No pain, no gain: a way of saying that one has to work hard or suffer in order to achieve something worthwhile. Example: You have to exercise regularly if you want to lose weight. No pain, no gain! Explanation: This idiom implies that pain or effort is necessary for success or improvement.

16. On the fence: undecided or unsure about something. Example: I'm on the fence about whether to go to the party or not. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of sitting on a fence between two sides or options.

17. Out of the blue: unexpectedly or suddenly. Example: He called me out of the blue after not talking to me for years. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of something appearing from the blue sky without warning.

18. Pull someone's leg: to tease or joke with someone, especially by telling a lie or exaggeration. Example: I'm just pulling your leg. I didn't really win the lottery. Explanation: This idiom may come from the idea of tripping or making someone fall by pulling their leg.

19. Put something on ice: to delay or postpone something for later. Example: We decided to put our wedding on ice until we save enough money. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of preserving something by freezing it.

20. Rain on someone's parade: to spoil someone's plans or happiness. Example: Don't rain on my parade. I'm really excited about going on vacation. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of ruining a festive event by raining on it.

21. See eye to eye: to agree or have the same opinion as someone else. Example: We don't see eye to eye on politics, but we're still good friends. Explanation: This idiom suggests that two people look at each other in the eye when they agree or understand each other.

22. Take something with a grain of salt: to be skeptical or doubtful about something, especially a rumor or claim. Example: Take what he says with a grain of salt. He likes to exaggerate a lot. Explanation: This idiom may come from the idea of making something easier to swallow by adding salt to it.

23. The elephant in the room: a big or obvious problem or issue that no one wants to talk about or address. Example: We need to talk about the elephant in the room. How are we going to pay our debts? Explanation: This idiom uses the elephant as a metaphor for something large and noticeable that is ignored or avoided.

24. The icing on the cake: something extra that makes a good situation even better. Example: Winning the lottery was great, but getting a promotion was the icing on the cake. Explanation: This idiom compares something to a sweet and delicious topping on a cake.

25. The last straw: the final problem, annoyance, or insult that makes someone lose their patience or tolerance. Example: He was rude to me all day, but when he spilled coffee on my laptop, that was the last straw. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of breaking a camel's back by adding one more straw to its load.

26. The tip of the iceberg: a small or visible part of a much larger problem or issue. Example: The corruption scandal was just the tip of the iceberg. There were many more crimes that were not exposed. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of seeing only a small part of an iceberg above water, while most of it is hidden below.

27. Throw in the towel: to give up or admit defeat. Example: He threw in the towel and quit his job after his boss yelled at him again. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of throwing a towel into a boxing ring to signal surrender.

28. To be in someone's shoes: to be in someone else's situation or position, especially a difficult one. Example: I wouldn't want to be in your shoes right now. You have a lot of work to do. Explanation: This idiom uses shoes as a symbol of someone's life or circumstances.

29. Turn over a new leaf: to change one's behavior or attitude for the better. Example: He decided to turn over a new leaf and stop drinking after his accident. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of turning a page in a book to start a new chapter.

30. Under someone's thumb: under someone's control or influence, especially in a negative way. Example: She's under his thumb and does whatever he tells her to do. Explanation: This idiom suggests that someone is pressed down or oppressed by someone else's thumb.

31. Up in the air: uncertain or undecided; not yet settled or resolved. Example: Our plans for the weekend are still up in the air. We haven't decided where to go yet. Explanation: This idiom comes from the idea of something being floating or flying in the air without direction or destination.

32. Walk on eggshells: to be very careful or cautious about what one says or does, especially around someone who is easily offended or angry. Example: I have to walk on eggshells around my boss. He gets mad at me for every little mistake.

Some reasons for learning idioms

From an English student’s perspective, idioms are a vital part of language learning for several reasons:

Understanding Culture: Idioms often reflect cultural nuances and historical contexts that are unique to native speakers. By learning idioms, students can gain insights into the culture and mindset of English-speaking societies.

Enhancing Communication Skills: Idioms are frequently used in everyday conversations, literature, movies, and TV shows. Knowing idioms can help students understand and engage in these contexts more effectively.

Enriching Vocabulary: Each idiom is a creative expression that encapsulates a larger meaning in a few words. Learning idioms can help students expand their vocabulary and express themselves more eloquently and succinctly.

Improving Fluency: Using idioms correctly can make a non-native speaker sound more like a native speaker. It adds a level of fluency and naturalness to their language skills.

Remember, while idioms can enrich your language, they should be used appropriately and in the right context. Misused idioms can lead to confusion or miscommunication. Happy learning! 

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An article on idiomatic expressions or 'idioms' and some resources related to them

Well, while I am preparing the return of the Focus on Learning English, I want to leave a link that my teacher Rachel (thank you very much from here!) sent me about idioms in English. 

I've found it very interesting. Here it is: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/english-idioms-6/

And what are idioms in English?

Idioms are colourful phrases or expressions in a language that convey meaning beyond the literal meaning of the individual words. In other words, you cannot understand the true meaning of an idiom simply by looking up the definitions of the words that make it up. Idioms are fixed expressions that have a unique meaning as a whole, rather than the sum of their parts.

Here are some examples of common English idioms, along with their Spanish equivalents (only in some cases, sorry!):

"No big deal" - "No es para tanto".

"Take it easy" - "Tomar las cosas con calma".

"Long time no see!" 

"Call it a day!"

"Hold your horses" - "Calm down!"

"Long story short" - "To sum it up, in a nutshell"

"Make someone's day"

And here are some more examples of idiomatic expressions from ThoughtCo:

"24/7" - Twenty-four hours a day; seven days a week; all the time; constantly. Example: "My little sister irritates me 24/7!"

"A short fuse" - A quick temper. Example: "Jamie is known for his short fuse; just a few days ago he yelled at his coach for not letting him play".

"A taste of your own medicine" - Bad treatment deserved for treating other people badly.
Example: "After being constantly teased, Julian decided to give John a taste of his own medicine and ordered twenty-seven pizzas to be delivered to John's house".

"Butterflies in my stomach" - To be nervous. Example: "Liam had butterflies in his stomach before he went on stage to play the violin".

Mastering the most common English idioms enriches your understanding of the language and improves your conversational skills. Idioms allow us to express nuances that would be difficult to convey in literal language. For native English speakers, these phrases are part of everyday communication, but for non-native speakers, mastering them can be a challenge. Incorporating these expressions into your use of English will give you that extra edge that will make you sound more like a native speaker.

Sources

• www.otosection.com/common-expressions-in-everyday-english-phrases-spoken/
• quizlet.com/512105795/elementary-common-idioms-flash-cards/

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Photography vocabulary, by 'English is a piece of cake'

Os dejo un interesante artículo sobre el vocabulario relacionado con la fotografía (Photography), de la mano de la web 'English is a piece of cake':

I have put together a list of photography vocabulary for ESL teachers and students at intermediate to proficiency level English. The vocabulary and the definitions both provide a wealth of specific words on this topic.

Fuente: http://englishisapieceofcake.com/photography-vocabulary.html

Y aquí tenéis el enlace a la descarga del .pdf con el vocabulario sobre fotografía del post: Photography Vocabulary (.pdf). Y si queréis descargaros algunos libros electrónicos  (ebooks) sin copyright, visitad este enlace del proyecto Gutenberg: Libros: photography (ordenados por popularidad)

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'Big History', a ted.com video

"David Christian teaches an ambitious world history course that tells the tale of the entire universe — from the Big Bang 13 billion years ago to present day." Ted.com

A complete history of the universe in only 18 minutes, by the historian David Christian. Download video.



More information, some links:
David Christian
Big History Project

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Subtítulos para tus películas en inglés

We're back in business!

Valencia, 12/09/2016
Una de las mejores formas de aprender y/o mejorar tu inglés es ver películas o series en versión original. Visionarlas sin subtítulos puede resultar una tarea árdua, a no ser que tu nivel de inglés sea excelente. Además, y como ya sabemos, el idioma inglés tiene infinidad de acentos y la 'jerga' utilizada en las películas o series puede ser bastante difícil de entender. 

Así, si te guste ver películas de idioma anglosajón en versión original, puedes descargarte los subtítulos en muchas páginas web. una que os recomiendo es Subscene. Aquí tenéis el enlace: https://subscene.com/ 

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Having fun (and learning) with comics...

Bien, hace mucho que no me paso por aquí, por Focus on Learning English. Pero es algo que voy a corregir en breve...

Valencia, 25/06/2016, G.B.
Los comics son un recurso excelente para aprender idiomas, sobre todo por su 'frescura', sus usos idiomáticos y el uso del lenguaje coloquial del idioma, el lenguaje 'de a pie'.

Existen muchos recursos gratuitos en la red para ver y leer comics. Uno de ellos, en inglés, es 'Comics English'. os dejo un enlace a uno de sus apartados en los que nos 'ilustra' de las diferencias entre 'bored' y 'boring'. Aquí lo tenéis.

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